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De l'âme
XXII.
Hermogène a entendu de notre bouche, quelles sont les autres facultés naturelles de l'âme, avec leur |44 défense et leur preuve, d'où l'on reconnaît que l'âme est fille de Dieu plutôt que de la matière. Nous ne ferons que les nommer ici, pour ne pas sembler les avoir passées sous silence. En effet, nous lui avons assigné le libre arbitre, comme nous l'écrivions plus haut, l'empire sur les choses, la divination quelquefois, sans préjudice de l'inspiration prophétique qui lui arrive par la grâce de Dieu. J'abandonnerai donc le développement de cette question, pour n'en présenter que l'ensemble. L'âme, selon nous, est née du souffle de Dieu, immortelle, corporelle, ayant une forme, simple dans sa substance, intelligente par elle-même, développant ses forces diversement, libre dans ses déterminations, sujette aux changements, capable de se modifier par ses différentes cultures, raisonnable, souveraine, riche de pressentiments, et dérivant d'une seule et même âme. Il nous reste maintenant à considérer comment elle dérive d'une seule et même âme, c'est-à-dire d'où, quand et comment elle a été produite.
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A Treatise on the Soul
Chapter XXII.--Recapitulation. Definition of the Soul.
Hermogenes has already heard from us what are the other natural faculties of the soul, as well as their vindication and proof; whence it may be seen that the soul is rather the offspring of God than of matter. The names of these faculties shall here be simply repeated, that they may not seem to be forgotten and passed out of sight. We have assigned, then, to the soul both that freedom of the will which we just now mentioned, and its dominion over the works of nature, and its occasional gift of divination, independently of that endowment of prophecy which accrues to it expressly from the grace of God. We shall therefore now quit this subject of the soul's disposition, in order to set out fully in order its various qualities. 1 The soul, then, we define to be sprung from the breath of God, immortal, possessing body, having form, simple in its substance, intelligent in its own nature, developing its power in various ways, free in its determinations, subject to be changes of accident, in its faculties mutable, rational, supreme, endued with an instinct of presentiment, evolved out of one (archetypal soul). It remains for us now to consider how it is developed out of this one original source; in other words, whence, and when, and how it is produced.
Tertullian had shown that "the soul is the breath or afflatus of God," in ch. iv. and xi. above. He demonstrated its "immortality" in ch. ii.-iv., vi., ix., xiv.; and he will repeat his proof hereafter, in ch. xxiv., xxxviii., xlv., li., liii., liv. Moreover, he illustrates the soul's "corporeity" in ch. v.-viii.; its "endowment with form or figure," in ch. ix.; its "simplicity in substance" in ch. x. and xi.; its "inherent intelligence," in ch. xii.; its varied development, in ch. xiii.-xv. The soul's "rationality," "supremacy," and "instinctive divination," Tertullian treated of in his treatise De Censu Animae against Hermogenes (as he has said in the text); but he has treated somewhat of the soul's "rational nature" in the sixteenth chapter above; in the fourteenth and fifteenth chapters he referred to the soul's "supremacy or hegemony;" whilst we have had a hint about its "divining faculty," even in infants, in ch. xix. The propagation of souls from the one archetypal soul is the subject of the chapter before us, as well as of the five succeeding ones (La Cerda). ↩