Übersetzung
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On the Flesh of Christ
Chapter XIX.--Christ, as to His Divine Nature, as the Word of God, Became Flesh, Not by Carnal Conception, Nor by the Will of the Flesh and of Man, But by the Will of God. Christ's Divine Nature, of Its Own Accord, Descended into the Virgin's Womb.
What, then, is the meaning of this passage, "Born 1 not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God?" 2 I shall make more use of this passage after I have confuted those who have tampered with it. They maintain that it was written thus (in the plural) 3 "Who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God," as if designating those who were before mentioned as "believing in His name," in order to point out the existence of that mysterious seed of the elect and spiritual which they appropriate to themselves. 4 But how can this be, when all who believe in the name of the Lord are, by reason of the common principle of the human race, born of blood, and of the will of the flesh, and of man, as indeed is Valentinus himself? The expression is in the singular number, as referring to the Lord, "He was born of God." And very properly, because Christ is the Word of God, and with the Word the Spirit of God, and by the Spirit the Power of God, and whatsoever else appertains to God. As flesh, however, He is not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of man, because it was by the will of God that the Word was made flesh. To the flesh, indeed, and not to the Word, accrues the denial of the nativity which is natural to us all as men, 5 because it was as flesh that He had thus to be born, and not as the Word. Now, whilst the passage actually denies that He was born of the will of the flesh, how is it that it did not also deny (that He was born) of the substance of the flesh? For it did not disavow the substance of the flesh when it denied His being "born of blood" but only the matter of the seed, which, as all know, is the warm blood as convected by ebullition 6 into the coagulum of the woman's blood. In the cheese, it is from the coagulation that the milky substance acquires that consistency, 7 which is condensed by infusing the rennet. 8 We thus understand that what is denied is the Lord's birth after sexual intercourse (as is suggested by the phrase, "the will of man and of the flesh"), not His nativity from a woman's womb. Why, too, is it insisted on with such an accumulation of emphasis that He was not born of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor (of the will) of man, if it were not that His flesh was such that no man could have any doubt on the point of its being born from sexual intercourse? Again, although denying His birth from such cohabitation, the passage did not deny that He was born of real flesh; it rather affirmed this, by the very fact that it did not deny His birth in the flesh in the same way that it denied His birth from sexual intercourse. Pray, tell me, why the Spirit of God 9 descended into a woman's womb at all, if He did not do so for the purpose of partaking of flesh from the womb. For He could have become spiritual flesh 10 without such a process,--much more simply, indeed, without the womb than in it. He had no reason for enclosing Himself within one, if He was to bear forth nothing from it. Not without reason, however, did He descend into a womb. Therefore He received (flesh) therefrom; else, if He received nothing therefrom, His descent into it would have been without a reason, especially if He meant to become flesh of that sort which was not derived from a womb, that is to say, a spiritual one. 11
Tertullian reads this in the singular number, "natus est." ↩
John i. 13. ↩
We need not say that the mass of critical authority is against Tertullian, and with his opponents, in their reading of this passage. ↩
He refers to the Valentinians. See our translation of this tract against them, chap. xxv., etc., p. 515, supra. ↩
Formalis nostrae nativitatis. ↩
Despumatione. ↩
Vis. ↩
Medicando. [This is based on Job x. 10, a favourite passage with the Fathers in expounding the generative process.] ↩
i.e., The Son of God. ↩
Which is all that the heretics assign to Him. ↩
Such as Valentinus ascribed to Him. See above, c. xv. p. 511. ↩
Übersetzung
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De la chair de Jesus-Christ
XIX.
Mais que signifie donc, «Qui ne?ont point nés du sang, ni de la volonté de la chair, ni de la volonté de l'homme, mais de Dieu. « Je me servirai de ce passage lorsque j'aurai confondu ceux qui le corrompent. Ils prétendent qu'il est ainsi écrit: « Il n'est né ni du sang, ni de la volonté de la chair, ni de celle de l'homme, mais de Dieu; » comme si l'Evangile désignait ceux qui plus haut croyaient en son nom, afin de montrer l'existence de cette mystérieuse semence qui fait les élus et les spirituels, ainsi qu'ils se l'imaginent. Mais comment admettre ce sens, puisque tous ceux qui croient dans le nom du Seigneur naissent en vertu de la loi commune de la nature, du sang et de la volonté de la chair, ainsi que de celle de l'homme, à commencer par Valentin lui-même? Ainsi, quand il est écrit au singulier, comme s'appliquant au Seigneur: « Et il est né de Dieu, » rien de plus juste, parce qu'il est le Verbe de Dieu, et avec le Verbe l'Esprit de Dieu, et avec l'Esprit la Vertu de Dieu, et enfin tout ce par quoi le Christ est Dieu. Mais, considéré dans sa chair, il n'a rien du sang, ni de la volonté de la chair, ni de la volonté de l'homme, parce que c'est de la volonté de Dieu que le Verbe a été fait chair. L'exclusion formelle de notre naissance retombe sur la chair, mais non sur le |424 Verbe, parce que c'était ainsi que devait naître la chair et non le Verbe.
Mais pourquoi le sectaire, en niant que le Christ fût né de la volonté de la chair, n'a-t-il pas nié aussi qu'il fût né de la substance de la chair? Car, en niant qu'il soit né du sang, il n'a point exclu la substance de la chair, mais seulement le principe de la semence qui, comme on le sait, est la chaleur du sang, lorsque, par une sorte d'ébullition, elle sert à transformer le sang de la femme. Ainsi la présure déposée dans le lait en condense la substance1. Ainsi nous comprenons que la naissance de Notre-Seigneur ne procède point de l'opération de l'homme, et c'est là ce que signifie la volonté de l'homme et de la chair, mais non pas que l'opération de la mère soit exclue. Pourquoi donc répéter avec tant d'insistance que le Christ n'a dû sa naissance ni au sang, ni à la volonté de la chair ou, de l'homme, sinon parce qu'il y avait dans le Christ une chair que chacun eût pu croire née par les voies ordinaires? En niant qu'elle soit née par l'opération de l'homme, il n'a pas nié qu'elle fût née de la chair: que dis-je? il a établi qu'elle est née de la chair, puisqu'il n'a pas nie qu'elle fût née de la chair, comme il a nié l'opération de l'homme. Parlez! Si l'Esprit de Dieu est descendu dans Je sein de la femme sans devoir participer à sa chair, pourquoi est-il descendu dans le sein de la femme? Car une chair spirituelle aurait pu être produite hors du sein maternel, bien plus facilement qu'une chair enfermée dans ce sein n'a pu en sortir. C'est donc sans motif qu'il est entré dans ce sein, s'il n'en a rien reçu. Mais il n'y est pas descendu saris motif: donc il en a reçu quelque chose. En effet, s'il n'en a rien pris, c'est sans motif qu'il y est descendu, surtout s'il devait revêtir une chair qui n'eût rien de commun avec le sein maternel, c'est-à-dire une chair spirituelle. |425
Le premier homme est né sans l'intervention de l'homme, puisqu'il est né de Dieu, le second Adam de même est né de Dieu et non de l'homme. ↩